Self-Funding AdvisorFind markets

Level-funded markets, DPC and RBP vendors in District of Columbia

District of Columbia is a standard state for medical stop-loss. The minimum specific deductible is $10,000, and the minimum aggregate attachment is no minimum.

Min. specific deductible
$10,000
Min. aggregate attachment
No minimum
Regulation level
standard
Markets publishing availability
0
Last updated
2026-09-07

Market availability in District of Columbia is being verified

State-by-state filings for the level-funded programs in our directory are being confirmed for District of Columbia. The stop-loss regulation data on this page is current, and nationally available vendors are listed below.

Level-funded and self-funded markets in District of Columbia

Check a specific group size

Program availability is being verified for this state.

Program aggregators that shop the market for any state: TurnKey Health Plans, Velora.

Direct primary care in District of Columbia

Amaze Health

DPCNationalVirtual

Amaze Health is a Denver-based, employer-paid virtual care subscription that gives employees and their families 24/7 one-tap access to full-time medical providers for primary care, urgent care, chronic condition management, mental health, dental support and billing advocacy, with no per-visit fees or usage caps. It is sold to employers and associations as a flat per-employee monthly subscription alongside any health plan.

Delivery
Virtual
Pricing
Per employee per month
Clinic footprint
National (virtual)

Amazon One Medical for Business

DPCNationalIn person + virtual
Lives: 10no published max

One Medical for Business lets employers sponsor One Medical memberships for employees and dependents, giving them 24/7 virtual care plus same/next-day in-person primary care at 200+ offices across roughly 29 U.S. markets. Memberships are sold as an employer-paid benefit layered on the employer's existing health plan; a small-business program serves companies with 10+ employees and enterprise arrangements serve larger groups.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Per member per month — $199/year retail membership; employer-sponsored membership pricing not published
Clinic footprint
AZ, CA, CO, DC, FL, GA, IL, MA, NC, NY, OR, TX, WA

CareATC

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

CareATC operates employer-sponsored onsite, near-site and shared-site primary care health centers, along with occupational health, behavioral health, physical therapy and telehealth. Founded in 2000 and headquartered in Tulsa, it runs about 190 dedicated health centers nationally, roughly 40% of its clients are public-sector employers, and its shared-site model lets multiple smaller employers share one clinic. It absorbed Utah-based OnSite Care.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
FL, OK, UT

Concentra Onsite Health

DPCNationalIn person

Concentra's Onsite Health division operates employer worksite clinics that deliver occupational health and, since 2024, an Advanced Primary Care product with multidisciplinary care teams for employees and dependents. Following the 2025 acquisition of Pivot Onsite Innovations, Concentra operates roughly 400+ onsite clinics in 43 states, primarily for large employers.

Delivery
In person
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
National (virtual)

Crossover Health

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Crossover Health (combined with Premise Health) delivers onsite, near-site and virtual advanced primary care and occupational health for employers, operating close to 900 wellness centers nationally.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Custom / quoted
Clinic footprint
CA, NY, TX, WA

Firefly Health

DPCNationalVirtual

Firefly Health offers self-funded employers a clinically integrated, virtual-first health plan in which its own advanced primary care team (physician, NP, behavioral health and health guide) is included at no cost, with in-person care coordinated through a partner network. It serves 20,000+ members nationally and reported a 15% total-cost-of-care reduction across its ASO book in 2025.

Delivery
Virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
National (virtual)

Freedom Healthworks / FreedomDoc Health

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Freedom Healthworks is the operating partner behind 145+ physician-owned direct primary care practices in 39 states, and through its FreedomDoc Health brand sells employer DPC memberships in which each employee chooses a network physician; memberships can stand alone or pair with a health share or major medical plan. FreedomDoc-branded clinics operate in Indiana, with in-person care elsewhere available through network practices.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
IN

Galileo

DPCNationalVirtual

Galileo sells virtual-first advanced primary care to employers nationwide for a per-member-per-month fee, using multidisciplinary care teams (20+ specialties) that handle urgent, primary and chronic needs by app, chat and video. Its Elation-powered practice is licensed in all 50 states and is positioned to employers as a DPC-style alternative that removes geographic constraints for dispersed workforces.

Delivery
Virtual
Pricing
Per member per month
Clinic footprint
National (virtual)

Healthcare2U

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Healthcare2U is an Austin-based direct primary care company that sells employer DPC memberships nationwide through its Private Physician Network, combining in-person visits at contracted clinics in all 50 states with unlimited virtual care and a cloud EHR that follows the member. It is sold through brokers and TPAs as a standalone benefit or integrated with self-funded and level-funded plans, with consistent pricing across states.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Per member per month — Employer rates not published; individual MyDPCplus $49.99/month with $10 in-person visits; employer groups require $500/month minimum participation
Clinic footprint
TX

Hint Health (Hint Connect)

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Hint Connect is a curated national network of independent direct primary care practices that employers, benefit advisors, TPAs and health plans can access through a single contract. It standardizes the DPC benefit across hundreds of independent clinicians so geographically dispersed employers can offer DPC without contracting practice by practice, and it integrates with Hint's HintOS membership and billing platform used by 2,000+ DPC clinics.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
National (virtual)

Marathon Health

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Marathon Health (merged with Everside Health in 2024) operates the largest employer-sponsored advanced primary care network in the country, with onsite, near-site and open-access health centers plus virtual care, serving more than 3 million covered lives.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Custom / quoted
Clinic footprint
CO, FL, IN, MD, MI, MO, NC, OH, PA, TX

Medcor

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Medcor staffs and operates fixed onsite, mobile and near-site employer clinics that combine occupational health and injury care with primary care, preventive screenings and 24/7 telehealth triage. Clinicians are Medcor employees, and clinic configurations are sized to the worksite, with a triage-only option for smaller teams.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
National (virtual)

Nomi Health

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Nomi Health operates direct-contract primary care and a direct-to-employer payment platform, offering members $0 cost-share care at Nomi-contracted providers. It appears as a network option inside some level-funded programs.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
AZ, FL, UT

Proactive MD

DPCNationalIn person + virtual
Lives: 250no published max

Proactive MD builds and operates employer-sponsored onsite and near-site advanced primary care health centers, and also sells direct primary care memberships, for employers, chambers of commerce and public entities. Health centers provide primary, acute, chronic and behavioral care with onsite Patient Advocates who coordinate referrals; smaller employers can be pooled into shared centers. The company reports more than 70 health centers across 17 states.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
IN, SC, WI

QuadMed

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

QuadMed, a Quad/Graphics subsidiary founded in 1990, provides employer-sponsored advanced primary care through onsite, near-site and shared-site health centers plus a virtual option available in all 50 states, with add-on occupational health, behavioral health, physical therapy, pharmacy and wellness. It serves 100+ clients through 90+ health centers on a single Epic record.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
FL, WI

Radish Health

DPCNationalIn person + virtual
Lives: 50no published max

Radish Health is a New York City-based employer primary care company that combines virtual physicians and mental health clinicians with optional onsite workplace clinics (often an onsite nurse plus virtual doctor) delivered through its own app. Clients include Union Square Hospitality Group, the Town of Babylon and the District of Columbia government, and the service is sold to employers with roughly 50+ eligible employees.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
DC, NY

Redirect Health

DPCNationalIn person + virtual
Lives: 2no published max

Redirect Health sells its EverydayCARE suite of employer health plans to businesses from 2 to 500+ employees, built around $0 primary care delivered through 24/7 virtual care, a nationwide PHCS provider network and Redirect's own multi-specialty primary care clinics in Arizona. Plans satisfy the ACA employer mandate's minimum essential coverage requirement and are sold nationally through brokers and Employee Navigator.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Per employee per month — Plans starting at $171/month per employee (EverydayCARE); higher tiers $473 and $587
Clinic footprint
AZ

Strada Healthcare

DPC9 statesIn person + virtual

Strada Healthcare, founded in Omaha in 2016, is one of the Midwest's largest direct primary care organizations with 60+ locations and 50+ providers across nine states, selling employers flat-fee DPC memberships plus onsite and near-site clinics, occupational health, virtual care and mental health counseling. It has run the State of Nebraska employee DPC pilot since 2019 and serves employers from 10 to thousands of employees.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Not published
Clinic footprint
AZ, CO, DC, IA, KS, MI, NE, TX, WI

Tendo Care Connect

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Tendo Care Connect (formerly MDsave for Employers) is a direct-to-employer platform that bundles a nationwide direct primary care network — sourced through Hint Connect's independent DPC clinicians — with upfront-priced specialist referrals, imaging and surgical bundles from health systems, all managed in one portal that integrates with TPAs and benefit platforms. Employers pay providers' posted cash rates with no PEPM platform fee.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Custom / quoted — No PEPM platform fee; providers set cash rates
Clinic footprint
National (virtual)

Vitable Health

DPCNationalIn person + virtual

Vitable Health sells a flat-fee direct primary care membership to small and mid-sized employers, particularly those with hourly and blue-collar workers, delivered through unlimited virtual visits nationwide plus in-home care in select markets, with 1,000+ no-cost prescriptions, common labs, mental health coaching and free dependent coverage. The DPC plan can stand alone or pair with MEC, major medical, ICHRA or QSEHRA options that Vitable administers.

Delivery
In person + virtual
Pricing
Per employee per month — About $30 per employee per month on average (2024)
Clinic footprint
DC, DE, FL, IL, MD, NJ, PA

Reference-based pricing vendors serving District of Columbia

6 Degrees Health

RBPNationalFull replacement

6 Degrees Health offers reference-based pricing alongside healthcare transparency and payment-integrity services for self-funded plans and their administrators.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
No wrap (pure RBP)

90 Degree Benefits is a national third-party administrator with more than 23 local offices that administers self-funded and level-funded employer health plans, along with FSA, HSA, ICHRA and consumer-driven plan administration. Its network capabilities include reference-based pricing as an option alongside traditional networks. Its CareConnect program provides member advocacy and navigation, including negotiating rates and facility pricing on members' behalf.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

AMPS provides claim repricing, reference-based pricing and payment integrity services to self-funded employer plans, brokers, TPAs and health plans. PriceDynamix reprices medical claims against cost and benchmark data rather than negotiated network discounts, while ClaimInsight performs claims editing and medical bill review; Drexi provides pharmacy benefit management. Members receive care navigation before high-cost elective procedures and continuous advocacy through the balance bill process, with AMPS negotiators handling balance bills on the plan's behalf.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy + legal defense
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

Allied National

RBPNational

Allied National sells self-funded and level-funded health plans to small and midsize employers through agents, including its Funding Advantage program, with prescription, lab, telehealth, dental and direct primary care components. Its HealthChoices program routes members to designated providers and bundled outpatient surgery pricing, with reduced benefits if members do not pre-notify or use the program. Members are supported by the Allied HealthCare Assistant advocacy line for finding care and navigating complex services.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid · Direct primary care

Aplos Health Plans

RBPNationalFull replacement

Aplos Health Plans sells an employer health benefits package built around zero-copay, zero-deductible member cost sharing, combining integrated direct primary care with medical benefits and pharmacy in a single member app. Care is delivered and coordinated through partner clinical teams, with same-day primary care, virtual care, 24/7 urgent care and a medical navigation team that guides members to providers and handles billing questions. The program is marketed as available in all 50 states.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
Direct primary care

ClaimDOC

RBPNationalFull replacement

ClaimDOC provides reference-based pricing with appeal and balance-bill handling, litigation defense and support, and a companion stop-loss offering for self-funded employers.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy + legal defense
Network wrap
No wrap (pure RBP)

Claritev, formerly MultiPlan, sells Data iSight to health plans, TPAs and self-funded plans as a reference-based reimbursement recommendation engine for out-of-network claims. Recommendations are generally cost-based for facilities and benchmark-based for professional providers, built from publicly available claims data with national benchmarking, regional wage indexing and geographic adjustment. Data iSight includes an integrated appeal-management service intended to resolve provider disputes and limit balance billing, with reported provider acceptance above 90%.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

Cypress Benefit Administrators was an independent third-party administrator for self-funded employers, known for pairing plan administration with cost-containment strategies including reference-based pricing. The business is now part of Lucent Health, and cypressbenefit.com redirects to Lucent Health's Cypress page. Employers evaluating Cypress today are administered and serviced under Lucent Health.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Not published
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

ELAP Services

RBPNationalFull replacement

ELAP Services was a reference-based pricing vendor for self-funded employer plans that priced facility claims on an audited cost-plus basis rather than against network contracts, and provided members with advocacy and legal defense against balance bills. The ELAP brand is now part of Imagine360, and the elapservices.com domain resolves to Imagine360's employer reference-based pricing pages. Employers evaluating ELAP today are quoted through Imagine360.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy + legal defense
Network wrap
No wrap (pure RBP)

H.H.C. Group

RBPNational

H.H.C. Group provides claims negotiation, repricing and medical bill review to self-funded employer plans, TPAs and payers, including a Medicare reference-based pricing service that sets allowed amounts from Medicare benchmarks. Its approach combines attorney-led negotiation with PPO network repricing, line-item bill review, claims editing and auditing, and it also performs independent medical reviews. The firm is URAC accredited and focuses on high-cost and disputed claims.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Legal defense
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

Homestead Smart Health Plans

RBPNationalFull replacement
Lives: 501000

Homestead Smart Health Plans builds self-funded employer health plans around its own reference-based pricing platform, Claim Watcher, which reprices facility claims instead of relying on network discounts. Homestead owns the pricer, the administration and its own stop-loss company, and offers the plan as full RBP replacement or wrapped with a physician network or direct primary care. A premium tier with regional health-system partnerships is available in New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy + legal defense
Network wrap
Physician network wrap · Direct primary care · No wrap (pure RBP)

HST (Vistara, Claritev)

RBPNationalFull replacement

HST's reference-based pricing business is now sold by Claritev under the Vistara brand and prices facility claims using Medicare as the starting benchmark while routing professional claims through the PHCS network, producing a hybrid RBP/PPO plan design for self-funded employers. Claritev publishes an average medical claim discount of 75.6% and a 99% provider acceptance rate for the program. Members are supported by a Patient Advocacy Center for billing questions and by a mobile app that compares providers on cost, quality and likelihood of accepting the plan's rate.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid · Physician network wrap

Imagine360

RBPNationalFull replacement

Imagine360 combines third-party administration, member advocacy and reference-based pricing in one self-funded plan solution, pricing facility claims off Medicare and reported cost data and resolving balance bills through its member advocate team.

Medicare multiple
Medicare and reported facility cost, blended
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

Lucent Health

RBPNational

Lucent Health is a national third-party administrator for self-funded employers that combines plan administration, care management, concierge member navigation and pharmacy benefits, and describes itself as one of the largest administrators of reference-based pricing plans. It supports configurable single- and dual-network plan designs and provides provider contracting and balance-billing assistance for members. The company states employers typically save about 25-30% in the first year with subsequent trend under 3%.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

Marpai

RBPNational

Marpai is a third-party administrator for self-funded employers offering plan administration, compliance, analytics and plan design, together with reference-based pricing and non-network options delivered through direct contracting. Its end-to-end claims repricing service is marketed as saving up to 60% on out-of-network claims, and the company operates its own pharmacy benefit manager, MarpaiRx. Member support includes proactive outreach, a provider shopping tool, gaps-in-care outreach and clinical oversight.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

Nova Healthcare Administrators is a third-party administrator serving self-funded employers with medical plan administration, consumer account administration (HSA, FSA, HRA), dental and vision administration, care management and white-labeled business process outsourcing for other payers. It positions itself as an advisor to plan sponsors rather than a transactional administrator, and its service representatives support members with billing questions and case management. Reference-based pricing is not published as a named Nova product.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Not published
Network wrap
No wrap (pure RBP)

OccuNet (Fairos RBP)

RBPNationalFull replacement

OccuNet's Fairos program reprices facility claims to an effective Medicare multiple and backs it with a large base of direct provider agreements, so most claims settle without a balance bill. It is the RBP engine inside several level-funded programs.

Medicare multiple
144% effective Medicare
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
Direct primary care · Physician network wrap

Payer Compass provided reference-based pricing and claim repricing to self-funded employer plans, TPAs and payers through its Visium platform, pricing claims against Medicare-based and other public benchmarks rather than network contracts. The business is now part of Zelis, and payercompass.com redirects to Zelis, where the capability is sold within the Zelis Intelligent Pricing Platform alongside Zelis reference-based pricing and payment integrity services.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Not published
Network wrap
No wrap (pure RBP)

Roundstone

RBPNational

Roundstone places small and midsize employers into a group medical captive so they can self-fund with pooled stop-loss risk, refunding 100% of unused premium to the employer. The model emphasizes claims data access and transparency for the employer, with guaranteed savings language and a stated average total annual cost roughly 25% below industry averages. Reference-based pricing is not published as a named Roundstone product; cost-containment components are configured through the plan's administrator.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Not published
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

The Phia Group

RBPNational

The Phia Group supports self-funded employer plans and TPAs with plan document drafting, compliance and fiduciary services, subrogation and recovery, and cost-containment products. Its Phia Unwrapped service reprices out-of-network claims and handles No Surprises Act workflows, while Care Empowered Pricing is its reference-based pricing offering; both are paired with provider negotiation and balance-bill resolution. PACE provides independent claim appeal evaluation, and the firm defends plan participants against unexpected provider bills.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Legal defense
Network wrap
No wrap (pure RBP)
Lives: 5no published max

Trustmark Health Benefits administers self-funded health benefit plans for employers, marketed to businesses with five or more employees and positioned as bringing large-group plan capabilities to smaller groups. Plan design, network selection and cost-containment components are configured per employer through its third-party administration services. Reference-based pricing terms, member advocacy details and balance-bill support are not described on its public pages.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Not published
Network wrap
PPO hybrid
Lives: 11no published max

Valenz reprices out-of-network claims using multiple data sources rather than a single Medicare multiple, and pairs repricing with its owned high-performance networks in select states. It guarantees financial responsibility on repriced claims.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy + legal defense
Network wrap
PPO hybrid · Physician network wrap

Vitori Health

RBPNationalFull replacement

Vitori Health sells health plan solutions to self-funded employers that combine PPO network options, reference-based pricing options, stop-loss integration and member support in a single package. The company markets a Claims Savings Guarantee, backed by the Vitori Victory Guarantee, under which it reimburses an employer up to $1,000,000 if contracted savings targets are not met. Members receive advocacy and high-touch service alongside the plan's payment strategy.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid

WellNet Healthcare sells self-funded and level-funded health plans to employers with integrated administration, claims analytics and cost management, using a phased 'crawl, walk, run' toolkit of more than 20 cost-containment components. Its payment strategy includes billing error correction and balance bill defense alongside carve-outs for dialysis, advanced imaging and direct primary care, plus a pharmacy strategy that can include international sourcing. Members are supported by personal healthcare concierge teams.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Member advocacy
Network wrap
PPO hybrid · Direct primary care

Zelis

RBPNational

Zelis sells claims pricing and payment integrity services to health plans, TPAs and self-funded employer plans, including a reference-based pricing product that caps allowed amounts against public benchmarks instead of relying on network discounts. These capabilities are delivered through the Zelis Intelligent Pricing Platform, which combines payment integrity editing with claims pricing. Zelis sells primarily to payers and administrators rather than directly to employers, and now includes the former Payer Compass business.

Medicare multiple
Not published
Balance-bill support
Not published
Network wrap
No wrap (pure RBP)

Pharmacy benefit managers serving District of Columbia

Abarca Health

PBMNational

Abarca Health is an independent PBM built on its proprietary Darwin claims and benefits platform, managing roughly 7.5 million lives, 220 million claims, and about $14 billion in annual drug spend. It historically focused on health plans, Medicare and Medicaid, and in 2026 combined with employer-focused LucyRx under a common parent, Healthcare Revolution Partners, to serve employers, TPAs, unions, public-sector and government programs. Its Assura pricing offering provides net-cost-guarantee pricing intended to make drug spend more predictable and transparent.

  • Pricing model: Assura net-cost-guarantee pricing; positions as transparent alternative to legacy PBMs
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: wholly owned subsidiary of Healthcare Revolution Partners alongside LucyRx (combination completed Aug 2026)
  • Typical clients: regional and large health plans (e.g., Prominence Health), Medicare/Medicaid; employer market served via LucyRx
  • Scale: 7.5M lives, 220M claims/yr, $14B drug spend on Darwin platform; combined entity 9M+ members
  • HQ: San Juan, PR

AffirmedRx, PBC

PBMNational

AffirmedRx is a pharmacy benefit manager organized as a public benefit corporation and marketed on transparency to self-funded employers. It is URAC-accredited in pharmacy benefit management and sells primarily through the benefit advisor channel. Specific contract mechanics such as pass-through pricing and rebate treatment are not detailed on its public site.

  • Pricing model: marketed as transparent; specific pass-through terms not published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: public benefit corporation (AffirmedRx, PBC), venture-backed and independent
  • Typical clients: self-funded employers
  • Accreditation: URAC accredited in Pharmacy Benefit Management through 06/01/2028
  • HQ: Louisville, KY; ranked No. 5 on the 2026 Inc. 5000

Alluma

PBMNational

Alluma is a provider-led pharmacy benefit manager developed in collaboration between Vizient and Mayo Clinic, serving hospital and health systems and self-funded employers. Its revenue is structured to be independent of drug utilization, it does not own pharmacies, and it markets full transparency into cost drivers with rebates and savings passed to clients. Pharmacist-driven clinical programs and 340B reconciliation are core features for health-system clients.

  • Pricing model: revenue independent of utilization; zero hidden margins; transparent cost drivers
  • Rebates: rebates and savings passed through to clients (per company site)
  • Ownership: developed in collaboration between Vizient and Mayo Clinic
  • Typical clients: hospital and health systems, integrated providers, self-funded employers
  • Pharmacy: does not own pharmacies; network access of roughly 64,000 pharmacies
  • Founded: 2019, HQ: Irving, TX
Lives: 100no published max

BeneCard is a privately held prescription benefit administrator founded in 1990 that sells a fixed-cost, capitated pharmacy benefit: the plan sponsor pays a guaranteed maximum rate and BeneCard assumes financial liability beyond it, backed by aggregate excess-of-loss coverage from affiliated Heartland Fidelity Insurance Company. It serves private and public sector groups from roughly 100 to more than 5,000 members and dispenses through its own affiliated mail and specialty pharmacy, BeneCard Central Fill.

  • Pricing model: fixed-cost capitated PBM with a guaranteed maximum cost and no sponsor liability beyond it
  • Risk backing: aggregate excess-of-loss insurance from affiliated Heartland Fidelity Insurance Company (AM Best A-)
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: privately held, part of a family of companies including National Vision Administrators and Heartland Fidelity
  • Typical clients: private and public sector groups from about 100 to 5,000+ members
  • Founded: 1990, HQ: Lawrenceville, NJ; in-house mail and specialty dispensing via BeneCard Central Fill (Mechanicsburg, PA)

Citizens Rx

PBMNational

Citizens Rx is a privately held pharmacy benefit management company founded in 2009 and based in Oak Park, Illinois, serving plan sponsors with a focus on operational transparency, clinical expertise, and high-touch service. As of January 1, 2025 its pharmacy operations are powered by LucyRx.

  • Pricing model: markets operational transparency; specific terms not_published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: privately held; pharmacy operations powered by LucyRx since Jan 1, 2025
  • Typical clients: plan sponsors (self-funded employers)
  • Founded: 2009, HQ: Oak Park, IL

ClearScript

PBMNational

ClearScript is a nonprofit pharmacy benefit manager owned by Fairview Health System, operating since 2005 and serving self-funded employers, TPAs, healthcare organizations, Tribal Nations, and public-sector plans nationwide. It offers pass-through pricing with no hidden fees, full claim-level reporting, and disclosure of all revenue streams including administrative fees, spread, and manufacturer-derived payments. Services include mail-service and specialty pharmacy, GLP-1 management, biosimilar strategies, and copay-assistance programs.

  • Pricing model: pass-through pricing, no hidden fees, full claim-level reporting and auditability
  • Rebates: discloses all revenue streams including manufacturer-derived payments and spread
  • Ownership: nonprofit; owned by Fairview Health System
  • Typical clients: self-funded employers, TPAs, healthcare organizations, Tribal Nations, public sector; carve-in or carve-out
  • Specialty pharmacy: mail-service and specialty pharmacy rooted in Fairview Specialty Pharmacy
  • Founded: 2005, HQ: Shoreview, MN

CVS Caremark

PBMNational

CVS Caremark is the pharmacy benefit management subsidiary of CVS Health and one of the three largest PBMs in the United States, which together handle roughly 80% of US prescription claims. It serves health plans, employers and government programs with formulary management, claims processing, plan design and administration, mail order pharmacy and specialty pharmacy and infusion services, and processed about 1.9 billion 30-day equivalent claims in 2024. Alongside its traditional rebate-based contracts it offers TrueCost, a model introduced in 2023 that prices at the net cost of medication with separately disclosed administrative fees.

  • Pricing model: traditional rebate-based contracting, plus the TrueCost net-cost model introduced in 2023
  • Rebates: negotiated with manufacturers; sharing terms vary by contract and are not published
  • Ownership: subsidiary of CVS Health Corporation
  • Typical clients: health plans, large employers and government programs, including CalPERS (587,000 members, announced July 2025)
  • Specialty pharmacy: yes, plus infusion services and CVS Caremark mail service
  • Scale: about 1.9 billion 30-day equivalent PBM claims in 2024; one of three PBMs handling roughly 80% of US claims

Drexi

PBMNational

Drexi is a pharmacy benefit manager operating under Advanced Medical Pricing Solutions (AMPS) that markets an honest-pricing model in which pharmacies compete on price for the plan's business. It serves self-funded employer plans alongside the AMPS reference-based pricing and medical cost containment products, and provides prior authorization, direct member reimbursement, mail order and enrollment services. Its published materials do not detail administrative fee or rebate terms.

  • Pricing model: markets pure honest pricing with pharmacies competing for the plan's business; terms not published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: operates under Advanced Medical Pricing Solutions (AMPS)
  • Typical clients: self-funded employer plans, frequently paired with AMPS reference-based pricing
  • Services: prior authorization, direct member reimbursement, mail order, enrollment support

Express Scripts is one of the three largest US pharmacy benefit managers, founded in 1986 in the St. Louis area and operating since 2018 as a subsidiary of The Cigna Group under the Evernorth brand. It provides network claims processing, home delivery through Express Scripts Pharmacy, specialty pharmacy through Accredo, and formulary and clinical management for health plans, employers and self-funded organizations including the Department of Defense TRICARE program. Its current employer offering is marketed on automatically applying the lowest available price at the counter, including cash and manufacturer prices, and on independently validated pharmacy reimbursement.

  • Pricing model: traditional PBM contracting, plus a marketed lowest-available-price-at-counter option with independently validated pharmacy reimbursement
  • Rebates: negotiated with manufacturers; sharing terms vary by contract and are not published
  • Ownership: subsidiary of The Cigna Group, branded under Evernorth Health Services since 2020
  • Typical clients: health plans, large employers and self-funded organizations; administers TRICARE for the Department of Defense
  • Specialty pharmacy: Accredo; mail order via Express Scripts Pharmacy
  • Founded: 1986, HQ: St. Louis, MO

FairosRx

PBMNational

FairosRx is a pharmacy benefit manager based in Amarillo, TX, operated as a division of The OccuNet Company, that markets a true pass-through model with a concise 10-page contract and no hidden fees. It contracts with employer groups, brokers and consultants to administer prescription benefits, providing real-time claims data, formulary and utilization management, copay assistance programs, a GLP-1 obesity program, and home delivery through a network of more than 63,000 pharmacies.

  • Pricing model: true pass-through, no hidden fees, 10-page contract
  • Ownership: division of The OccuNet Company (Amarillo, TX)
  • Typical clients: employer groups, brokers and consultants
  • Network: 63,000+ retail pharmacies nationwide plus home delivery
  • Clinical programs: GLP-1 obesity program, copay assistance, utilization management
  • HQ: Amarillo, TX

Judi Rx, formerly Capital Rx, is the full-service pass-through pharmacy benefit management arm of Judi Health, a New York-based health benefits technology company built on its proprietary Judi adjudication platform. It uses a flat-fee pricing model that eliminates traditional rebate-driven economics, serves self-funded employers, municipalities, unions, hospitals, health systems, health plans and TPAs with more than 5 million contracted PBM lives, and also offers Judi Equilibrium, a level-funded pharmacy benefit program.

  • Pricing model: flat-fee, pass-through pharmacy benefit administration
  • Rebates: pass-through; flat-fee model eliminates traditional rebate structures
  • Ownership: venture-backed (Wellington Management, General Catalyst); $400M raised September 2025
  • Typical clients: self-funded employers, unions, municipalities, health systems, health plans and TPAs
  • Level-funded: Judi Equilibrium level-funded pharmacy benefit program
  • Scale: 5M+ contracted PBM lives; HQ: New York, NY

Liviniti

PBMNational

Liviniti, founded in 2011 as Southern Scripts and renamed in May 2023, is a national transparent pass-through pharmacy benefit manager headquartered in Natchitoches, LA, with private-equity backing from Water Street Healthcare Partners. Employers pay exactly what Liviniti pays the pharmacy plus a flat, all-inclusive administrative fee, receive 100% of rebates and discounts, and are never required to use PBM-owned mail or specialty pharmacies; the company serves more than 750,000 plan members and offers the LivLite GLP-1 weight-loss management program.

  • Pricing model: pass-through; flat, all-inclusive administrative fee for standard services
  • Rebates: 100% of rebates and discounts returned to the employer
  • Ownership: private; Water Street Healthcare Partners investment (2020); CEO and co-founder LeAnn C. Boyd, PharmD
  • Typical clients: local, regional and national self-funded employers; 750,000+ plan members; used by Allied National level-funded and self-funded plans
  • Specialty pharmacy: does not mandate use of owned mail or specialty pharmacies
  • Founded: 2011 (as Southern Scripts), HQ: Natchitoches, LA; renamed Liviniti 2023

LucyRx

PBMNational

LucyRx is an independent pharmacy benefit manager marketed on transparent pricing and alignment with plan sponsors. It serves employers, TPAs, labor unions, public-sector plans, health systems, health plans and government programs, and runs claims on the Darwin platform with a proprietary LucyIQ analytics tool and Care Guide member support. The company reports more than 4,000 clients and a 60,000-plus pharmacy network.

  • Pricing model: marketed as transparent; contract terms not published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: independent PBM; combined with Abarca Health under Healthcare Revolution Partners (Aug 2026)
  • Typical clients: employers, TPAs, unions, public sector, health plans (4,000+ clients)
  • Specialty pharmacy: not_published
  • Founded: 2023, HQ: Bethesda, MD

MedImpact is a large privately held, independent pharmacy benefit manager headquartered in San Diego that administers pharmacy benefits for health plans, employers, TPAs and government programs. It is URAC accredited in pharmacy benefit management and NCQA certified, and offers home delivery and specialty medication access alongside standard network and clinical services. Its distinguishing historical position is independence from a retail pharmacy chain or insurer, though its published materials do not detail pricing or rebate terms.

  • Pricing model: not_published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: privately held and independent of a retail chain or health insurer
  • Typical clients: health plans, employers and government programs, often accessed through TPAs
  • Accreditation: URAC Pharmacy Benefit Management through 03/01/2029; NCQA certified
  • HQ: San Diego, CA; Southwest regional operations center in Tempe, AZ; international offices in Abu Dhabi and Beijing

MedOne Pharmacy Benefit Solutions is a family-founded and owned, 100% pass-through pharmacy benefit manager established in 1999 by pharmacist Richard Hartig of Hartig Drug Company and headquartered in Dubuque, IA. It serves self-funded employers of all sizes in all 50 states (more than 260 clients), owns all core PBM functions in-house including claims processing, pharmacy contracting and formulary management, and operates its own cost-plus specialty and mail-order pharmacy.

  • Pricing model: 100% pass-through, fully transparent, guaranteed savings
  • Rebates: all rebates and upside passed to clients
  • Ownership: family-founded and owned since 1999 (Hartig family, Hartig Drug Company)
  • Typical clients: 260+ self-funded employers of all sizes in all 50 states; preferred PBM partner of Gateway Business Health Coalition (2026)
  • Specialty pharmacy: in-house cost-plus specialty and mail-order pharmacy (MedOne Pharmacy Services, Dubuque)
  • Founded: 1999, HQ: Dubuque, IA; 2024 Inc. 5000 honoree

Navitus Health Solutions is a fully transparent, 100% pass-through pharmacy benefit manager founded in 2003 and headquartered in Madison, WI, co-owned by SSM Health and Costco Wholesale. It serves employers, health plans, government programs and unions across all 50 states with roughly 18 million members among about 800 clients, charging an administrative fee and returning all rebates and manufacturer discounts to clients, with cost-plus specialty pharmacy through its Lumicera subsidiary and a mid-market offering through EpiphanyRx.

  • Pricing model: 100% pass-through with administrative fee only
  • Rebates: all rebates and manufacturer discounts passed directly to clients
  • Ownership: SSM Health (majority) and Costco Wholesale (minority stake since 2020)
  • Typical clients: employers, health plans, state/government programs, unions; ~800 clients and ~18M members in all 50 states
  • Specialty pharmacy: Lumicera Health Services cost-plus specialty pharmacy
  • Founded: 2003, HQ: Madison, WI

Optum Rx

PBMNational

Optum Rx is the pharmacy benefit management business of Optum, a UnitedHealth Group company, and one of the three largest PBMs in the U.S., serving roughly 61-62 million people. It historically operates a traditional, scale-based model with negotiated pricing guarantees, its own home delivery and specialty pharmacies, and mail and specialty networks; in 2026 it announced a transparent, fee-based pharmacy care model with monthly per-member fees and a commitment to pass through 100% of manufacturer rebates to clients by January 1, 2028.

  • Pricing model: traditional negotiated guarantees; transitioning to fee-based per-member pricing with 100% rebate pass-through by 2028
  • Rebates: 100% pass-through committed to all clients by January 1, 2028
  • Ownership: UnitedHealth Group (Optum)
  • Typical clients: large employers, health plans, state and public sector plans, coalitions
  • Specialty pharmacy: owned specialty and home delivery pharmacies; mail and specialty networks
  • Scale: about 61-62 million people served

Prescryptive Health is a healthcare technology company founded in 2017 by former Microsoft cloud engineers that operates a pharmacy benefit business alongside a direct-access prescription marketplace. It sells to employers and their consultants, independent pharmacies, health systems and manufacturers, and differentiates on member-facing technology including its myPrescryptive mobile experience, real-time price transparency at the point of prescribing, and AI-based cash-price optimization for pharmacies. Contract pricing and rebate terms are not published.

  • Pricing model: marketed on price transparency at the point of prescribing; contract terms not published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: independent; co-founded by Microsoft cloud veterans
  • Typical clients: employers and consultants, independent pharmacies, health systems, pharmaceutical manufacturers
  • Technology: myPrescryptive member app, EHR integration, digital medicine cabinet, AI cash-price optimization for pharmacies
  • Founded: 2017

Prime Therapeutics is a privately held pharmacy benefit manager founded in 1998 and owned by a group of Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans, serving health plans, employers, consultants, government programs and unions. It operates home delivery and specialty pharmacy services with more than 7,000 employees, and markets itself as transparent on the grounds that it does not steer members to its own pharmacies. Contract-level pricing and rebate terms are not published.

  • Pricing model: not_published; states it does not steer members to its own pharmacies
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: privately held, owned by Blue Cross and Blue Shield plan partners
  • Typical clients: health plans, employers, consultants, government programs and unions
  • Specialty pharmacy: yes, plus home delivery; 7,000+ employees
  • Founded: 1998, HQ: Eagan, MN

ProAct, Inc.

PBMNational

ProAct is a pharmacy benefit manager and third-party administrator that describes itself as the largest employee-owned PBM in the United States. It sells to employer groups, unions and government plans both directly and through a national TPA network, and operates its own mail order pharmacy in Gouverneur, NY along with retail network, specialty and prior-authorization services. Its published pricing and rebate terms are not disclosed on its public site.

  • Pricing model: not_published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: employee-owned; markets itself as the largest employee-owned PBM in the country
  • Typical clients: employer groups, unions and government plans, sold directly and through a national TPA network
  • Mail order: ProAct mail order pharmacy, 1226 US Highway 11, Gouverneur, NY 13642
  • Also offers specialty pharmacy, retail network and prior authorization; 24/7/365 member help desk

Rightway

PBMNational

Rightway is a New York-based care navigation and pharmacy benefits company whose PBM operates on a 100% pass-through model funded by a single flat administrative fee, with all rebates and discounts returned to the plan and no spread pricing or pharmacy ownership. It serves self-funded employers, often bundling pharmacy benefits with its clinician-led care navigation, and in January 2026 introduced SureSpend, a guaranteed monthly drug-spend model that refunds 100% of overages.

  • Pricing model: single flat admin fee, no spread pricing; SureSpend guaranteed monthly cost with 100% refund of overages (launched Jan 2026)
  • Rebates: 100% pass-through to the plan
  • Ownership: privately held, venture-backed; co-founded by CEO Jordan Feldman and Dr. Theodore Feldman
  • Typical clients: self-funded employers including Genentech, Eli Lilly, Tyson Foods, Zoom, TikTok
  • Specialty pharmacy: no owned pharmacies; formulary built on lowest net cost
  • HQ: New York, NY

RxBenefits, Inc.

PBMNational

RxBenefits describes itself as a pharmacy benefits optimizer rather than a PBM: it aggregates self-funded employer groups to buy PBM contracts at coalition-scale pricing and layers on independent clinical management, prior authorization review and account service. It is sold almost exclusively through benefit advisors and consultants and serves employers, health systems, labor and trust funds, private-equity portfolio companies, TPAs and multi-employer groups. The company states it is compensated on a flat fee rather than on rebates or spread.

  • Pricing model: flat-fee compensation; company states it is not paid from rebates or spread
  • Category: pharmacy benefits optimizer (PBO) that contracts on behalf of employers with large PBMs, not a claims-adjudicating PBM
  • Typical clients: self-funded employers, health systems, labor and trust funds, PE-backed companies, TPAs and multi-employer groups
  • Distribution: sold through benefit advisors and consultants
  • Clinical: independent clinical management and prior authorization review, reported $17-$22 PMPM savings

Sav-Rx is a family-founded, union-focused pharmacy benefit manager that administers self-funded prescription benefits for union health and welfare funds, private employers, and municipalities. In 2022 it introduced a fully transparent pass-through pricing model benchmarked to NADAC for retail and mail, and it operates its own mail-order pharmacy in Fremont, Nebraska. In 2025 it agreed to join MedImpact while continuing to operate under its own brand and leadership.

  • Pricing model: NADAC-based transparent pass-through for retail and mail (introduced 2022)
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: family-founded; agreed to be acquired by MedImpact (announced Sept 2025), continues operating in Fremont, NE under existing leadership
  • Typical clients: Taft-Hartley union funds (Bricklayers, Iron Workers), private employers, municipalities; 1,000+ clients, 10M+ covered lives
  • Mail order: owns centralized mail-order pharmacy in Fremont; point-of-care dispensing via A-S Medication Solutions
  • Founded: 1969, HQ: Fremont, NE

Serve You Rx

PBMNational

Serve You Rx (legal name Serve You Custom Prescription Management, Inc.) is an independent, privately held full-service pharmacy benefit manager founded by pharmacists in Milwaukee, WI in 1987. It focuses on self-funded, mid-market employer groups along with Taft-Hartley funds, TPAs, municipalities, tribal nations, health systems, coalitions and captives, offering explicit pass-through pricing, 100% rebate pass-through, plan sponsor data ownership, and its own home delivery and specialty pharmacy operations.

  • Pricing model: explicit pass-through pricing; Fiduciary Alignment Score 93 (Excellent) in CAA 2026 Readiness Report
  • Rebates: 100% rebate pass-through
  • Ownership: independent, privately held since 1987; founding pharmacists retain ownership
  • Typical clients: self-funded mid-market employers, Taft-Hartley funds, TPAs, public sector, captives; implementations in 30 days or less
  • Specialty pharmacy: owned home delivery (Serve You DirectRx, URAC-accredited mail service) and specialty pharmacy
  • Founded: 1987, HQ: Milwaukee, WI; 2026 Inc. 5000 honoree

SmithRx

PBMNational

SmithRx is a transparent, pass-through pharmacy benefit manager for self-insured employers, operating independently of insurers and pharmacies. It charges a flat per-member-per-month administrative fee, passes through 100% of manufacturer rebates and discounts, and evaluates drugs on net cost, with sourcing partnerships such as Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company; offices are in San Francisco, CA, Lehi, UT and Plano, TX.

  • Pricing model: flat per-member-per-month administrative fee, no spread
  • Rebates: 100% pass-through of rebates and discounts
  • Ownership: privately held, venture-backed (Smith Health, Inc.); founder/CEO Jake Frenz
  • Typical clients: self-insured employers and TPAs, reported 20% lower PMPM than industry benchmark
  • Specialty pharmacy: no owned pharmacy; Cost Plus Drugs sourcing partnership
  • Founded: 2016, HQ: San Francisco, CA

TransparentRx

PBMNational

TransparentRx is a pharmacy benefits administrator that markets a fiduciary model to self-funded employers, brokers and TPAs, positioning itself against spread pricing and retained rebates. It performs claims adjudication, eligibility, plan configuration, prior authorization administration and reporting, and also sells a specialty drug management service. Its specific per-claim administrative fee and rebate pass-through terms are quoted rather than published.

  • Pricing model: fiduciary pharmacy benefits administration; states it removes spread pricing, specific fee quoted on request
  • Rebates: states clients regain control of rebates; percentage not published
  • Category: pharmacy benefits administrator (PBA) rather than traditional PBM
  • Typical clients: self-funded employers, brokers and TPAs
  • Services: claims adjudication, eligibility, plan configuration, prior authorization, reporting, specialty drug management
  • HQ: Las Vegas, NV

TrueScripts Management Services is a pharmacist-founded, privately held prescription benefit manager that describes its model as fully transparent and conflict-free. It serves self-funded employers, plan sponsors and partnered health plans through broker and advisor channels, and offers clinical programs including the PrecisionCare+ pharmacogenomics program, prior authorization turnaround of 24-48 hours, and live-answer member service.

  • Pricing model: fully transparent, conflict-free PBM (company description)
  • Ownership: privately held, pharmacist-founded
  • Typical clients: self-funded employers and plan sponsors via brokers/advisors
  • Clinical programs: PrecisionCare+ pharmacogenomics testing with PGx-certified pharmacists
  • Founded: 2014, HQ: Washington, IN
  • Company size: 51-200 employees; Best Places to Work in Indiana 2023

US-Rx Care

PBMNational

US-Rx Care is a pharmacy benefit manager that markets itself as fiduciary and transparent, positioning its compensation as independent of drug spend. It serves self-insured employers, health plans, union health and welfare funds, and the benefit advisors that place them, and its contractual integrity, transparency and savings claims have been reviewed by the Validation Institute. Specific pricing and rebate terms are not published on its public site.

  • Pricing model: markets a fiduciary, transparent PBM model; contract terms not published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Typical clients: self-insured employers, health plans, union health and welfare funds, benefit advisors
  • Validation: independently reviewed by the Validation Institute for contractual integrity, transparency and savings
  • Experience: states more than 30 years managing pharmacy risk

Ventegra, Inc.

PBMNational

Ventegra is a California nonprofit public benefit corporation and certified B Corporation that provides pharmacy and medical benefit management services, describing its role as broader than traditional pharmacy benefit management. It serves health systems, self-insured employers, TPAs, medical groups, brokers and consultants, government entities and nonprofits, and markets transparent cost management aligned to its nonprofit mission. Specific contract pricing and rebate terms are not published.

  • Pricing model: markets transparent cost management; specific terms not published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: California nonprofit public benefit corporation; certified B Corporation
  • Typical clients: health systems, self-insured employers, TPAs, medical groups, brokers, government entities, nonprofits
  • Scope: positions itself as a medical benefit manager operating beyond traditional PBM services
  • HQ: Glendale, CA

Vivid Clear Rx

PBMNational

Vivid Clear Rx is a transparent pharmacy benefit manager launched in December 2020 as a subsidiary of Iowa grocery and pharmacy retailer Hy-Vee, Inc. It charges a fixed per-member-per-month management fee, passes rebates and discounts back to clients with no spread pricing, and serves more than 200 employer groups nationwide on RxSense's RxAgile platform, with mail order and access to sister company Amber Specialty Pharmacy.

  • Pricing model: fixed per-member-per-month fee, no spread pricing
  • Rebates: 100% of rebates, discounts and savings passed back to the employer
  • Ownership: subsidiary of Hy-Vee, Inc. (West Des Moines, IA)
  • Typical clients: 200+ employer groups, plus Hy-Vee's own 88,000+ employees
  • Specialty pharmacy: sister company Amber Specialty Pharmacy; mail order available
  • Founded: 2020, HQ: Omaha, NE (parent Hy-Vee in West Des Moines, IA)

VytlOne is the pharmacy benefit management business of Maxor National Pharmacy Services, rebranded from MaxorPlus. It is a full-service independent PBM with more than 30 years in the market covering over 10 million lives across employers, health plans, TPAs, coalitions and government programs, and it operates its own URAC-accredited mail order and specialty pharmacies. The company markets a single consolidated view of mail, specialty, clinical services, pricing and rebates.

  • Pricing model: not_published; markets transparency across pricing, purchasing and rebates
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: business unit of Maxor National Pharmacy Services
  • Typical clients: employers, health plans, TPAs, coalitions and government programs; over 10 million lives
  • Specialty pharmacy: yes, URAC accredited; mail order also URAC accredited
  • Operations: call centers in TX and AZ; mail and specialty pharmacies in GA, NV and TX

WellDyne

PBMNational

WellDyne is an independent, privately held full-service pharmacy benefit manager that markets itself on transparency and clinical programs. It serves employers, unions, TPAs, hospital and health systems, state and local governments, and health plans, with a stated focus on the middle market through consultants and brokers. Mail order, central fill, and specialty pharmacy services are delivered through its HealthDyne pharmacy operating unit.

  • Pricing model: markets transparency to plan sponsors; specific pass-through vs. traditional terms not published
  • Rebates: not_published
  • Ownership: privately held, independent PBM
  • Typical clients: employers, unions, TPAs, health systems, public sector, health plans; middle-market focus via brokers/consultants
  • Specialty pharmacy: mail order, central fill and specialty pharmacy via HealthDyne unit
  • Founded: 1990, HQ: Lakeland, FL (second office Centennial, CO)

Third-party administrators serving District of Columbia

90 Degree Benefits is a national third-party administrator specializing in self-funded and level-funded employer health plans, with its corporate office in Birmingham, Alabama. It operates through a network of regional TPA offices acquired across the Midwest, South and West, offering claims administration and cost-containment programs.

  • Corporate office: Birmingham, AL
  • Administers both self-funded and level-funded plan designs
  • Operates through regional TPA offices across multiple states
  • Toll-free: (833) 748-8876

Allied Benefit Systems is an independent national third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. It provides claims administration, medical management and network access for self-insured employers, and states it serves more than 14,500 self-insured employer groups.

  • HQ: Chicago, IL; founded 1980
  • Ownership: independent
  • Describes itself as the largest national independent TPA in the U.S.
  • Serves 14,500+ self-insured employers
  • Multiple national and regional network options offered

BRMS is an independently owned third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans, headquartered in Folsom, California. It performs claims administration, eligibility and benefit administration on its proprietary MyHealthBenefits/Vbas platform, and also administers FSA, HRA, HSA and COBRA accounts. BRMS additionally administers multi-employer, association and captive arrangements.

  • HQ: Folsom, CA
  • Over 30 years of TPA experience
  • Ownership: privately held, no Wall Street or private equity backing
  • Administers self-funded, multi-employer, association and captive plans
  • Supports reference-based pricing as well as traditional network plans
  • Proprietary benefit administration platform (Vbas / MyHealthBenefits)

EBMS is a third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans founded in 1980 in Billings, Montana, where it remains headquartered. It provides claims administration together with care management, cost-containment and analytics services for self-insured employers nationwide.

  • HQ: Billings, MT; founded 1980 as Montana's first third-party administrator
  • Ownership: partnered with Water Street Healthcare Partners in 2017
  • Combines claims administration with in-house care management
  • Toll-free: (800) 777-3575

HealthSCOPE Benefits is a third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans based in Little Rock, Arkansas. It provides claims administration, health management and reporting services for self-insured employers. UnitedHealth Group acquired the company in 2019.

  • HQ: Little Rock, AR
  • Ownership: acquired by UnitedHealth Group in April 2019 from ABRY Partners
  • Claims administration and health management for self-funded employers
  • Website operates as hsb.tpa.com

HealthSmart is a national third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans headquartered in Richardson, Texas. It provides claims administration, provider network access, care management and pharmacy benefit services for self-insured employers and other payers.

  • HQ: Richardson, TX
  • National TPA for self-funded employers
  • Provides network access, care management and pharmacy services alongside claims administration
  • Claims administration for self-insured employers and other payers

Imagine360, LLC

TPANational

Imagine360 is a national administrator of self-funded employer health plans headquartered in Wayne, Pennsylvania. Formed from ELAP Services and Group & Pension Administrators (GPA) of Dallas, Texas, it administers reference-based pricing and hybrid self-funded plan designs together with member advocacy and claims administration.

  • HQ: Wayne, PA
  • Includes Group & Pension Administrators (GPA), Dallas, TX, founded over 50 years ago
  • Specializes in reference-based pricing health plans
  • Claims address: P.O. Box 749075, Dallas, TX 75374
  • Grew from three employees to more than 1,500 since 2007

Key Benefit Administrators is one of the largest independently owned third-party administrators in the United States, headquartered in Fishers, Indiana. It administers self-funded employer health plans with an emphasis on population health management, chronic disease management and healthcare risk management.

  • HQ: Fishers, IN; founded 1979
  • Ownership: privately held, one of the largest independently owned TPAs in the U.S.
  • Also operates as a Population Health Administrator
  • Additional office: Fort Mill, SC

Lucent Health is a national third-party administrator for self-funded employers, headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. It administers self-funded medical plans with integrated care management and is among the larger administrators of reference-based pricing and dual-network plan designs.

  • HQ: Nashville, TN
  • One of the largest administrators of reference-based pricing plans
  • Offers dual-network plan designs
  • Integrated care management paired with claims administration

Luminare Health is a national third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans headquartered in Lake Forest, Illinois. Formerly Trustmark Health Benefits and, before that, CoreSource, it administers self-funded medical, pharmacy and ancillary benefits for employers.

  • HQ: Lake Forest, IL
  • Ownership: acquired by Health Care Service Corporation (HCSC) in October 2022
  • Rebranded from Trustmark Health Benefits to Luminare Health in November 2023
  • Formerly CoreSource

Marpai Administrators is a national technology-driven third-party administrator for self-funded employer health plans, owned by Marpai, Inc. It was built from acquired TPAs including Continental Benefits of Tampa, Florida and Cypress Benefit Administrators of Appleton, Wisconsin, and applies analytics to identify and manage high-cost members.

  • Ownership: owned by Marpai, Inc., a publicly traded company founded in February 2019
  • Built from Continental Benefits (Tampa, FL) and Cypress Benefit Administrators (Appleton, WI)
  • Applies analytics to enroll high-cost members into clinical programs
  • National TPA for self-funded employer plans

Meritain Health

TPANational

Meritain Health is a national third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans headquartered in Amherst, New York. It is a subsidiary of Aetna and CVS Health and administers self-funded medical, pharmacy and ancillary benefits using Aetna network access.

  • HQ: Amherst, NY; administering benefits since 1983
  • Ownership: subsidiary of Aetna; part of CVS Health since 2018
  • National TPA serving employers of all sizes
  • Access to Aetna provider networks

Nova Healthcare Administrators is a third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans based in Buffalo, New York. It provides claims administration with in-house medical management, HSA, FSA and HRA products, and supports direct primary care and reference-based pricing plan designs. Nova also provides private-labeled administration for other payers.

  • HQ: Buffalo, NY
  • Supports direct primary care and reference-based pricing designs
  • In-house medical management plus HSA, FSA and HRA administration
  • Offers private-labeled administration for other payers

Personify Health is a national third-party administrator and health platform formed from the 2023 merger of HealthComp, an independent TPA for self-funded employers founded in 1994 in Fresno, California, and Virgin Pulse. It administers self-funded medical benefits alongside wellbeing, navigation and care management services.

  • HealthComp founded 1994 in Fresno, CA
  • Merged with Virgin Pulse in November 2023 to form Personify Health
  • Ownership: majority owned by New Mountain Capital, with Blackstone, Marlin Equity Partners and Morgan Health as shareholders
  • Combines self-funded claims administration with wellbeing and navigation services

Planstin Administration is a third-party administrator of employer health benefits headquartered in St. George, Utah. It builds and administers self-funded and defined-contribution style employer benefit plans for small and mid-sized employers.

  • HQ: St. George, UT; founded 2016
  • Third-party administration of employer benefit plans
  • Claims address: P.O. Box 21747, Eagan, MN 55121
  • Serves small and mid-sized employers nationally

Point C Health

TPANational

Point C is a national third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans built from a group of regional TPAs, including Med-Pay of Springfield, Missouri and Aspirant. It provides customized self-funded benefit programs with local market service teams.

  • National independent TPA operating through regional partner offices
  • Includes Med-Pay (Springfield, MO), which has served southwest Missouri and the Midwest for over 40 years
  • Includes Aspirant as a Point C partner
  • Ownership: independent TPA partner, not carrier-owned

Benecon is a Pennsylvania-based administrator that organizes and manages self-funded health benefit consortiums and group captives for small and mid-sized employers. It provides underwriting, plan management and stop-loss structuring for participating employer groups across the country.

  • Based in Lancaster County, PA
  • Organizes self-funded consortiums and group captives for employers
  • Serves groups in every industry across the country
  • Handles stop-loss target setting and renewal underwriting for consortium members

UMR, Inc.

TPANational

UMR is UnitedHealthcare's third-party administrator business, headquartered in Wausau, Wisconsin. It administers self-funded medical, dental, vision, disability and risk-management plans and is the largest TPA of health benefits in the United States by covered lives.

  • HQ: Wausau, WI
  • Ownership: UnitedHealthcare's TPA solution
  • Largest third-party administrator of health benefits in the U.S.
  • Administers self-funded medical, dental, vision and disability plans

WebTPA is a national third-party administrator of self-funded employer health plans based in Irving, Texas. It provides customized benefit administration, claims processing and data services for self-insured employers and other payers.

  • HQ: Irving, TX
  • Claims mailing address: PO Box 99906, Grapevine, TX 76099
  • Customized benefit administration and data services for self-funded plans
  • Ownership: part of a larger parent company, operating as a distinct TPA brand

Stop-loss regulation in District of Columbia

Minimum specific deductible
$10,000
Minimum aggregate attachment
No minimum

DC Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking

1-202-727-8000 https://disb.dc.gov/

District of Columbia questions

What is the minimum specific stop-loss deductible in District of Columbia?

District of Columbia sets the minimum specific deductible at $10,000, and the minimum aggregate attachment at No minimum. Carriers may set higher minimums than the statute.

Which level-funded and self-funded markets are available in District of Columbia?

Market availability in District of Columbia is being verified against each program's published state list. Program aggregators can place District of Columbia groups in the meantime, and the stop-loss regulation data on this page is current.

Does District of Columbia restrict stop-loss insurance for small employers?

District of Columbia does not publish small-employer stop-loss restrictions beyond its minimum deductible and attachment rules. Confirm with the DC Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking before binding.

Which DPC and RBP vendors serve District of Columbia?

Our directory lists 20 direct primary care providers and 25 reference-based pricing vendors serving District of Columbia. Virtual-first and national vendors are included; see the vendor pages for clinic footprints and pricing models.

Who regulates stop-loss insurance in District of Columbia?

The DC Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking regulates stop-loss insurance in District of Columbia. Reach them at 1-202-727-8000, or visit https://disb.dc.gov/.

Nearby states

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